About 'graduate programs in'|Affirmative Action Bans Reduce Enrollment of Students of Color in Graduate Programs

About 'graduate programs in'|Affirmative Action Bans Reduce Enrollment of Students of Color in Graduate Programs

Ｗｈｅｎ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ               ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ               ｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ｉｎ               Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ,               Ｓｃｏｔｌａｎｄ,               Ｗａｌｅｓ,               ｏｒ               Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ               Ｉｒｅｌａｎｄ               (ａｌｓｏ               Ｉｒｅｌａｎｄ),               ｔｈｅｙ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｃｏｎｆｕｓｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｙ               ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｔｅｒｍｓ               ａｒｅ               ｕｓｅｄ. Ｏｎ               ｗｅｂｓｉｔｅｓ,               ｉｎ               ｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｕｓ               ｂｏｏｋｌｅｔｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎ               ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｃｅ,               ｔｅｒｍｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｅｅｍ               ｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ               ａｒｅ               ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｍｅａｎ               ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ. Ａｎｄ               ａ               ｆｅｗ               ｔｅｒｍｓ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｌｙ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｏ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ. Ａｓ               ａ               ｐｒｅｓｔｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｈｉｐｓ               ａｄｖｉｓｏｒ               ａｔ               ａｎ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,               Ｉ               ｌｅａｒｎｅｄ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｒｉｃｋｉｅｒ               ｔｅｒｍｓ. Ｍｙ               ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ｇｒｅａｔｌｙ               ｅｘｐａｎｄｅｄ               ｗｈｅｎ               Ｉ               ｖｉｓｉｔｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｋ. ａｎｄ               Ｉｒｅｌａｎｄ               ｉｎ               2006               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｆｅｌｌｏｗｓｈｉｐ               Ａｄｖｉｓｏｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｉｎ               2009               ｗｈｅｎ               Ｉ               ａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄ               ｍｙ               ｏｗｎ               ｄａｕｇｈｔｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｈｅｒ               ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ.                Ｐｏｓｔｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ               Ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｖｓ. Ｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ               Ｓｔｕｄｙ                Ｒｉｇｈｔ               ｏｆｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｂａｔ,               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｌｅａｒｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｎ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ,               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔａｋｅｓ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ａ               ｂａｃｈｅｌｏｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｉｓ               ｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｓ               "ｐｏｓｔｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ"               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               "ｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ"               ｓｔｕｄｙ. Ｔｈｕｓ               ａ               "ｐｏｓｔｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ               ｄｉｐｌｏｍａ"               ｉｓ               ａ               ｃｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｏｎｅ               ｅａｒｎｓ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｉｎｇ               ａ               ｂａｃｈｅｌｏｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ,               ｂｕｔ               ａ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｉｎ-ｄｅｐｔｈ               ｔｈａｎ               ａ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ. Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｓｕｃｈ               ａ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｂｅ               ｃａｌｌｅｄ               ａ               "ｐｏｓｔ-ｂａｃｃａｌａｕｒｅａｔｅ               ｃｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｅ"               ｏｒ               ａ               "ｐｏｓｔ-ｂａｃ               ｃｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｅ"               ｆｏｒ               ｓｈｏｒｔ. Ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｒｍ               "ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ"               ｉｓ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｏｒ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｗａｙ               ｉｎ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.                Ｔａｕｇｈｔ               Ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               Ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ                Ａｎ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ               ｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ａ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｉｎ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ               ｏｒ               Ｉｒｅｌａｎｄ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｎｏｔｉｃｅ               ａ               ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               "ｔａｕｇｈｔ"               ａｎｄ               "ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ"               ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ. Ａ               ｔａｕｇｈｔ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｉｓ               ｏｎｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｓ               ａ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ               ａｍｏｕｎｔ               ｏｆ               ａｃｔｕａｌ               ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ               ｏｒ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄ               ｓｔｕｄｉｏ               ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ,               ａｓ               ｉｓ               ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ               ｏｆ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. Ａ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｉｓ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙ               ａ               ｍａｔｔｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｌｙ               ｕｎｄｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｏｏｓｅ               ｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ               ｍｅｍｂｅｒ.                Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａ               ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔａｕｇｈｔ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ               ｉｎ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ,               ｉｎ               ｐａｒｔ               ｔｏ               ａｔｔｒａｃｔ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ａｎｄ               ｅｌｓｅｗｈｅｒｅ. Ｍａｎｙ               ｔａｕｇｈｔ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｏｎｅ               ｃａｌｅｎｄａｒ               ｙｅａｒ. Ｅｖｅｎ               ａ               "ｔａｕｇｈｔ"               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｍａｙ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｏｒ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ               ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ               ａｓ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｕｒｒｉｃｕｌｕｍ. Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｓ               ａ               "ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｔｈｅｓｉｓ,"               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｉｎ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｋｎｏｗｎ               ａｓ               ａ               "ｄｉｓｓｅｒｔａｔｉｏｎ."                Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ａｎｄ               Ｕ.Ｋ. Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ                Ｔｏ               ｂｅｇｉｎ,               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｒｉｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｉｎｃｌｉｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｕｓｅ               ｐｅｒｉｏｄｓ               ａｓ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ａｂｂｒｅｖｉａｔｉｏｎｓ,               ｓｏ               ａ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               "ＰｈＤ"               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ａ               "Ｐｈ.Ｄ."               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ! Ｂｕｔ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               Ｉ               ａｍ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ,               Ｉ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｓｔｉｃｋ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｏｕｒ               ｐｕｎｃｔｕａｔｉｏｎ               ｓｔｙｌｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｐａｒｔ.                Ａｔ               Ｕ.Ｋ               ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ,               ａｌｌ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ａｒｅ               "ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ"               ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ               ａｎｄ,               ｉｎ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ,               ａ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｉｓ               ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ               ｐｒｉｏｒ               ｔｏ               ｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ               ａ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ. Ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ｌｏｇｉｃａｌ,               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ               ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ'ｓ               ｐｏｓｔｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ               ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｔａｋｅｓ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ. Ｗｈｅｎ               ｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ               ａ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ,               ａ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ               ｉｓ               ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅ               ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｆｉｅｌｄ               ａｎｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｒｅａｄｙ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔ               ａ               ｍａｊｏｒ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｉｎｉｍａｌ               ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ. Ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ｏｎｅ               ｒｅａｓｏｎ               ｗｈｙ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｉｎ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ               ａｒｅ               ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅｓ               ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ,               ｔｏ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｉｎ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｙｅａｒｓ.                Ａｔ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ,               ｅｌｉｔｅ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｍａｙ               ａｐｐｌｙ               ｔｏ               ａｎｄ               ｂｅ               ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇ               ａ               ｂａｃｈｅｌｏｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ. Ｉｎ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔ,               ａ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｉｓ               ｂｕｉｌｔ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｐａｃｋａｇｅ               ａｎｄ               ａｎ               Ｍ.Ｐｈｉｌ. ｏｒ               Ｍ.Ｓ. ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ａｗａｒｄｅｄ               ａｓ               ａ               (ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ               ｉｎｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ)               ｍｉｌｅｓｔｏｎｅ               ａｌｏｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｙ. Ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｉｎｇ               ｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙ               ｅｘａｍｓ               ａｎｄ               ｆｕｌｌ               ａｄｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｃａｎｄｉｄａｃｙ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｗｈａｔ               ｔｒｉｇｇｅｒｓ               ｔｈｅ               ａｗａｒｄｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｉｌｅｓｔｏｎｅ               ｍａｓｔｅｒ'ｓ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ. Ｔｈｉｓ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｓｔｙｌｅ               ｏｆ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ               ｔａｋｅｓ               ａｔ               ｌｅａｓｔ               ｆｏｕｒ               ｙｅａｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｙ               ｌｏｎｇｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ.                Ｎｏｔｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐｈ.Ｄ. ｄｉｓｓｅｒｔａｔｉｏｎ               (Ｕ.Ｓ. ｔｅｒｍ)               ｉｓ               ｕｓｕａｌｌｙ               ｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｓ               ａ               "ｔｈｅｓｉｓ"               ｉｎ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ.                Ｓｏｍｅ               Ｑｕｉｒｋｙ               Ｔｅｒｍｓ               Ｕｓｅｄ               ｉｎ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ                Ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｂａｆｆｌｉｎｇ               ｔｅｒｍｓ               Ｉ               ｈｅａｒｄ               ｏｎ               ｍｙ               ｔｒｉｐ               ｔｏ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ               ｉｎ               2006               ｗａｓ               "ｕｎｓｅｅｎ               ｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ"! Ｗｈａｔ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｉｔ               ｂｅ? Ｗｅｌｌ,               ｉｔ               ｔｕｒｎｓ               ｏｕｔ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               ｔｅｒｍ               ｆｏｒ               ｗｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｃａｌｌ               ａ               "ｃｌｏｓｅｄ               ｂｏｏｋ"               ｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ-ｏｎｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ               ｄｏｅｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｓｅｅ               ｉｎ               ａｄｖａｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ               ｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｕｓｉｎｇ               ｎｏｔｅｓ               ｏｒ               ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ               ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ.                Ａｌｓｏ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｒｍ               "ｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄ               ｆｉｅｌｄ,"               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｒｅｆｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｋｉｎｄ               ｏｆ               ｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｎ               "ｒｏｌｌｉｎｇ               ａｄｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ"               (Ｕ.Ｓ. ｔｅｒｍ). Ｉｎ               ａ               ｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄ               ｆｉｅｌｄ               ａｄｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ,               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｍａｙ               ｂｅ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｄｅａｄｌｉｎｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｓｕｂｍｉｔｔｉｎｇ               ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅａｃｈ               ｓｅｔ               ｏｆ               ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｓ               "ｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄ"               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ               ａｓ               ａ               ｂａｔｃｈ.                Ｍｏｄｕｌｅｓ,               Ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ,               Ｒｏｕｔｅｓ                Ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｎｇ,               Ａｌｉｃｅ-ｉｎ-Ｗｏｎｄｅｒｌａｎｄ               ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ               ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ               ａｂｏｕｔ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               ｐｏｓｔｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｒｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｙｏｕ               ａｒｅ               ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ! Ｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｃｉｅｓ,               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｔｅｒｍｓ               ｓｈｏｗｎ               ｆｉｒｓｔ:                ｃｏｕｒｓｅ               =               ｍｏｄｕｌｅ                Ａ               ｍｏｄｕｌｅ               ｉｓ               ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               3-5               ｔｏｐｉｃｓ               ｙｏｕ               ａｒｅ               ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｓｅｍｅｓｔｅｒ                ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               =               ｃｏｕｒｓｅ                Ｉｆ               ｙｏｕ               ａｒｅ               ｐｕｒｓｕｉｎｇ               ａｎ               Ｍ.Ｓｃ. ｉｎ               Ｕｒｂａｎ               Ｄｅｓｉｇｎ,               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ｙｏｕｒ               ｃｏｕｒｓｅ.                ｒｏｕｔｅ               =               ｐａｔｈｗａｙ                Ｉｆ               ｙｏｕ               ａｒｅ               ｐｕｒｓｕｉｎｇ               ａ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｂｙ               ｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ,               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｂｙ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,               ｏｒ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｂｙ               ｄｉｓｓｅｒｔａｔｉｏｎ,               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ａｒｅ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｒｏｕｔｅｓ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ.                Ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｒｍｓ               "ｓｃｈｅｍｅ"               ａｎｄ               "ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅ"               ａｒｅ               ａｌｓｏ               ｕｓｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ａｒｅ               ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ               ｉｎ               ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               "ｃｏｕｒｓｅ."               Ａｌｌ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｔｅｒｍｓ               ｒｅｆｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｗｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｃａｌｌ               ａ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ.                Ａｎｄ               Ｓｏｍｅ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               Ｍｉｓｃｅｌｌａｎｅｏｕｓ               Ｔｅｒｍｓ                Ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｍｙ               ｆａｖｏｒｉｔｅｓ               ｉｓ               "ｕｎｉ,"               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｉｓ               ｗｉｄｅｌｙ               ｕｓｅｄ               ａｓ               ｓｈｏｒｔｈａｎｄ               ｆｏｒ               "ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ."                Ａｎｄ               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｗｅ               ａｒｅ               ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｅｒｍｓ,               ｍｏｓｔ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｔｅｒｍｓ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｗｏ               ｓｅｍｅｓｔｅｒｓ,               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ｓｏｍｅｗｈａｔ               ｖａｒｉａｂｌｅ.                Ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｒｍ               "ｄｏｎ"               ｗｈｅｎ               ｒｅｆｅｒｒｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｕｓｅｄ               ａｓ               ｍｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ. Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｍｙ               ｄａｕｇｈｔｅｒ,               ｈｅｒ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｓ               "ｔｕｔｏｒｓ"               ａｎｄ               ｍａｎｙ               ｃｌａｓｓｅｓ               ａｓ               "ｔｕｔｏｒｉａｌｓ."               Ａ               "ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ               ｔｕｔｏｒ"               ｉｓ               ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ               ｔｏ               ａｎ               ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃ               ａｄｖｉｓｏｒ,               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｂｉｔ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｕｎｓｅｌｏｒ               ｍｉｘｅｄ               ｉｎ.                Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ                Ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ               ｏｎｃｅ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ａｎｄ               Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ               ａｒｅ               "ｔｗｏ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ａ               ｃｏｍｍｏｎ               ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ."               Ｔｈｉｓ               ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ               ｈｏｌｄｓ               ｔｒｕｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｓｐｈｅｒｅ. Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｎｇ               ａ               ｂｉｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｉｎ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｅｒｍｓ               ａｒｅ               ｕｓｅｄ               ａｔ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               ａｎｄ               Ｉｒｉｓｈ               ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｐｒｏｖｅ               ｈｅｌｐｆｕｌ               ｔｏ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｎｇ               ｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ               (ｐｏｓｔｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ)               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ａｃｒｏｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｎｄ.                Ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ:                Ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ                Ｔｈｅ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌ               ｗｅｂｓｉｔｅ

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Graduate Programs In - Blog Homepage Results

Scottish Graduate Programme in EconomicsbySean

http://sgpecon.wordpress.com/

The Official Blog of the SGPE...

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http://hssgecc.wordpress.com/

The History of Science Society Graduate and Early Career Caucus Mentorship Program is pleased to invite... to reserve a spot in the HSS Women's Mentorship...

Graduate Program in Training and Development @ Roosevelt UniversitybyMark Durgee

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